Copyright Policy ================ Tillyard. Version 1.3. In effect from October 21, 2026. Fingerprint of this text (SHA-256): 44e64397f1d8c8cb5271a7fd16dfecd3565c6062a906fe5d62d638df84b2ce05 This version: https://tillyard.org/policies/copyright-policy/v/1.3 If someone has copied your work onto Tillyard, this page tells you how to have it taken down. If you are a member, it tells you how to treat other people's work, how much you can quote, and what you can do if a notice is sent about something of yours. Lawyers often call a page like this a DMCA policy, after the US Digital Millennium Copyright Act. - You keep the copyright in what you write here. We hold only a licence to display it, and you can end that licence. - Post only what is yours or what you have the right to post. Quote other people briefly, in quotation marks, with the source named. Papers and posts here are text, with figures only in papers (section 4.4). - If you believe something on Tillyard copies your work, send our designated agent a notice with the six things listed in section 5.3. Without them we may not be able to act. - When a notice is complete, we aim to act expeditiously to take the material down or block access to it, and we tell the member who posted it. Taking it down is not a finding that the member did anything wrong. - The member can answer with a counter-notice (section 7). If it is complete, the law has us put the material back between 10 and 14 business days later, unless the person who complained tells us first that they have gone to court. - We end the accounts of members who infringe repeatedly. A notice that leads to removal is a strike. Three active strikes end the account, in appropriate circumstances. A strike clears after 12 months without another, or sooner if the notice is withdrawn or successfully answered (section 8). - Knowingly sending a false notice or a false counter-notice can make you liable for the harm it causes (section 9). - This policy is about copyright only. Trademarks, privacy, intimate images, credit disputes and plagiarism that is not copying each have their own route (section 1.4). If this summary and the full text below ever differ, the full text governs. 1. About this policy ==================== 1.1 Who is speaking ------------------- Tillyard is an Ohio nonprofit corporation. In this policy we, us and our mean Tillyard. The site means the website at tillyard.org and everything we run there. 1.2 Words we use ---------------- Words that have one meaning in every one of our documents, such as member, visitor, staff, the editor, record item, hold, case and tip, are defined in Definitions. The words below are added for this document's own subject, or repeated from Definitions for convenience. If a repeated meaning ever differs, Definitions governs the meaning of the word. - A member is a person who holds an account. - Material is anything a member puts on the site: a paper or a draft, a portfolio piece, a project entry, a message in table chat, a note, a message in a thread, an answer to the house question, profile text, a self-reported item on The Record, a reading written for another member, and anything else a member types in. - A work is something copyright protects: writing, code, a translation, a table as someone arranged it, and so on. - A copyright owner is the person or organization that owns an exclusive right in a work. Where this policy says "owner" it includes someone the owner has authorized to act for them. - A notice is a written copyright complaint that contains the six things listed in section 5.3. - A counter-notice is a member's written answer that contains the four things listed in section 7.3. - The designated agent, or the agent, is the person or office named in section 5.4, which we have appointed to receive notices and counter-notices and registered with the US Copyright Office. - To remove material means to take it down or to disable access to it so that the site no longer shows it. Section 6.3 says what that looks like for each kind of material. - A strike is a mark recorded against a member's account under section 8. - A business day is Monday to Friday, leaving out US federal holidays. - The editor is the person who approves papers for Tillyard Research. Today that is the president. 1.3 What this policy covers --------------------------- This policy covers claims that material on the site infringes someone's copyright. It applies to every area of the site: Tillyard Research, Pursuits, booths and projects, The Shop, Messages and threads, The Record, The Workbench and The Almanac. It applies to everyone: members, people who own works that members have used, and us. 1.4 What it does not cover -------------------------- Copyright is one kind of complaint among several. Using the right route gets you a better answer. What it does not cover. Columns: if the problem is, use. If the problem is | Use ----------------------- Our name or logo, a college's name, or anyone's trademark | The Trademark and Brand Use Policy An intimate image of you, real or fabricated | The public removal form described in the Intimate-Image Removal Policy. That form exists for exactly this and needs no account. Do not use a copyright notice for it A page names you, or says something about you that is wrong | The dispute form described in the Disputes and Corrections Policy Credit on a paper or project is wrong: who wrote or built what | The dispute form Someone presented another person's ideas or findings as their own, without copying protected text | The report link on the item, under the Community Guidelines You are an author and want your own paper taken down | The withdrawal control on your paper, under the Author Agreement and Licence. You do not need a copyright notice to remove your own work Private information about you appears somewhere | The dispute form and the Privacy Notice Something on another website | That website. We can act only on what is on ours 1.5 How this fits with our other documents ------------------------------------------ The Terms of Use are the main agreement between members and us. The Author Agreement and Licence sets out the permission an author gives us to publish a paper. The Editorial Policy of Tillyard Research says how Tillyard Research handles papers, corrections and retractions. The Standard Team Agreement covers work made in a booth. The Community Guidelines cover honesty, plagiarism and conduct, and the Reporting, Enforcement and Appeals Policy covers what we may do about a breach and how to appeal. Where two documents could cover the same point, the more specific one governs: this policy governs how copyright notices, counter-notices and copyright strikes are handled; the Author Agreement and Licence governs the licence for a paper; the Community Guidelines govern plagiarism that is not copyright infringement. Section 37.5 of the Terms of Use sets the order among all our documents, including the sections of those terms that prevail over every other document. 1.6 The kind of site this is ---------------------------- Nearly everything members post here is text. The only uploads are figures in papers for Tillyard Research and receipts for research grants (section 4.4). There is nowhere to upload a sound recording, a video or any other file. Web addresses that members type appear as text and do not open when selected, apart from a small number of kinds we allow, such as a DOI link in a paper's references. So a copyright question here is nearly always about words: a copied passage, a quotation that runs too long, a poem or a lyric, a table, a block of code, a translation, somebody's lecture notes. 2. Your own work ================ 2.1 You keep your copyright --------------------------- You own what you make here. We do not take ownership of it, we do not ask you to assign it to us, and nothing you write here is made as a member of our staff or on our commission. 2.2 The licence you give us --------------------------- To show your material on the site we need your permission. You give it as a non-exclusive licence. "Non-exclusive" means you can give the same permission to anyone else and can publish the work elsewhere. For a paper, the licence is in the Author Agreement and Licence, which each author accepts at submission. For everything else it is in the Terms of Use. Those documents govern. In outline: we may display your material on the site, with your name and college, in the places you chose; search engines may list pages you have made public; and you can end the licence for a paper by withdrawing the paper. 2.3 What ending the licence does and does not do ------------------------------------------------ Ending the licence takes the material off display. It does not reach copies that other people already made lawfully, a search engine's stored copy, or the short record we keep that a paper existed (its title, volume and number and a dated notice), which stays so that links and citations keep working. 2.4 We do not give other people permission to reuse your work ------------------------------------------------------------- If someone wants to reprint, translate or adapt your paper, that is your decision. We do not grant permissions for members' work, and we do not hand out members' contact details. Because members own their work and we hold only a licence to display it, we also have no right to let anyone copy members' material in bulk, build datasets from it or train software on it, and we do not give that permission. The Terms of Use say what automated access to the site is allowed. 2.5 Work made with other people ------------------------------- A paper with co-authors, or a project built by a team, usually belongs to all the people who wrote or built it together. Each co-author of a paper approves the final text and accepts the licence for themselves before the paper goes forward. A team accepts the Standard Team Agreement before its first session. That agreement records whether the team is using a named open licence or equal co-ownership, what happens if someone leaves, and that commercial use needs everyone's consent. 2.6 Work made for a class, a lab or an employer ----------------------------------------------- The submission form asks where the work came from: on your own, for a class, in a lab or research group, or for an employer or client. We ask because someone else may then own the work or have a say in it. A lab's data, a sponsor's report, a client's deliverable, and sometimes work covered by your college's intellectual-property policy, may not be yours to publish. Check before you submit. Choosing an answer on our form does not settle who owns the work. Your agreement with the lab, the employer, the client or the college does. 2.7 Things you published before ------------------------------- The declarations for Tillyard Research include that the paper has not been published elsewhere. Separately from that rule: if you gave another publisher, a competition or a client exclusive rights in something you wrote, you may no longer be free to post it here, even though you wrote it. 3. Other people's work ====================== 3.1 When you may post someone else's work ----------------------------------------- Post something here only if at least one of these is true: 1. You made it, and you still hold the rights you need. 2. The owner gave you permission that covers posting it here, which means on a public website run by an outside organization, not by a college. 3. It is offered under an open licence, and you follow that licence's terms (3.4). 4. Copyright does not protect it, or no longer does (3.5 and 3.6). 5. The law allows the use without permission, most often as a fair use (section 4). 3.2 Things that are not permission ---------------------------------- - Naming the source. A citation tells readers where words came from. It does not give you the right to copy more than the law allows. Both things matter and they are separate: copying without citing is plagiarism even when the amount is small, and citing does not cure copying too much. - Finding it free to read online. Free to read is not free to copy. - No copyright notice on it. Protection is automatic. Nobody has to mark their work or register it. - Changing some of the words. A paraphrase that follows the original sentence by sentence is still a copy. - Getting it from an AI tool. See 3.11. - Using it for study, or for a small audience. These can matter to fair use. They do not decide it. - Having paid for your copy. Buying a textbook or a subscription lets you read it. It does not let you republish it. - Knowing the author. A classmate's or another member's work is theirs. - Having been sent it. A manuscript you were offered to read, a draft a co-author shared, or a résumé in a swap was given to you for one purpose (3.12). 3.3 What you declare when you submit ------------------------------------ When you submit a paper you tick a set of declarations, including that the work is your own and that you cite other people's words and ideas. Under the Terms of Use, similar promises apply to everything else you post. If a declaration turns out to be untrue, the editor may decline, unpublish or retract the paper, and we may withdraw a Record item that depends on it, whether or not anyone sends a copyright notice. 3.4 Open licences ----------------- Creative Commons, open-source and similar licences give permission in advance, on conditions. Read the conditions. The ones that matter most here are attribution (name the author, the source and the licence), share-alike, no-derivatives and non-commercial. Whether posting on a site like ours counts as "non-commercial" under a given licence is not settled, and we cannot settle it for you. Our working rule: do not paste material offered under a non-commercial licence into anything public here, beyond what you could quote anyway under section 4. Cite it and give its address instead. 3.5 The public domain and government works ------------------------------------------ Works whose copyright has expired, and works written by officers and staff of the US federal government as part of their official duties, are free to use in the United States. Check before you rely on this. State and local government material, material that contractors wrote for a government, and foreign government material are often protected. A modern edition or translation of an old text can carry its own copyright. Even where you are free to copy, say where the words came from. That is a rule of honest writing, not of copyright. 3.6 Facts, ideas, data and titles --------------------------------- Copyright protects the way something is expressed, not the facts or ideas in it. You may state a fact you learned from a source, in your own words, and cite it. Numbers in a dataset are facts. The way a particular table selects and arranges them can be protected, so build your own table from the numbers and cite the source, instead of copying someone's layout. Titles, names and short phrases are generally not protected by copyright. Trademark law is a different matter; see the Trademark and Brand Use Policy. 3.7 Course materials, textbooks and paywalled text -------------------------------------------------- Lecture slides, handouts, problem sets, exams, solution manuals, recorded lectures and textbooks usually belong to an instructor, a college or a publisher. Do not paste them into table chat, notes, threads, booths or papers, beyond a short quotation. The same goes for the full text of an article that sits behind a paywall. Describe it, quote briefly, and cite. Your college's own rules on sharing course material apply to you as well. Those are between you and your college. 3.8 Code -------- A short snippet in a paper, to explain a method, is ordinarily fine with its source and licence named. A project that lives in an outside repository stays there: the licence on that repository governs the code, and the Standard Team Agreement records what the team agreed among themselves. Check that the licence of every library you depend on allows what you are doing with it. 3.9 Questionnaires, scales and test items ----------------------------------------- Published survey instruments, psychological scales and test questions are often copyrighted and licensed for a fee. Name the instrument, describe it and cite it. Reproduce its items only if its licence allows that. 3.10 Translations, adaptations and summaries -------------------------------------------- Translating or adapting someone's work makes a new version of their work, and needs their permission unless the law allows the use. A summary in your own words and your own structure, with a citation, is ordinary scholarship. A "summary" that tracks the original paragraph by paragraph is an adaptation. 3.11 AI tools ------------- If you used an AI tool, you say so in the AI-help declaration on your paper, as the AI-Use Policy explains. For copyright the point is narrower. Text that comes out of a tool can reproduce protected text from somewhere else, and you are responsible for what you post, however it was produced. We do not run a detector over your work and we make no promise to catch copied passages (12.9). 3.12 What you see while reading for someone else ------------------------------------------------ If you read a manuscript for Tillyard Research, a portfolio piece in Pursuits, or a résumé in a swap, it is the author's work, shared with you for one purpose. Do not copy it, keep it, quote it elsewhere or put it into any tool. Using something you were given to read is a serious breach of this policy, of the Reader Guidelines and of the Community Guidelines, and it can end your account on the first occasion (8.7). 3.13 Credit lines and licence notices ------------------------------------- Do not remove or change an author's name, a copyright notice or licence terms attached to something you quote or reuse, and do not add false ones. US law has a separate rule against doing this. 3.14 Addresses and references ----------------------------- Addresses you type appear as text. Do not post addresses or directions that lead to copies you know were made or shared without permission. If we receive a notice about a reference of that kind we may remove it under this policy. 3.15 Keep your proof -------------------- If you rely on permission, keep it in writing: who gave it, for what, and on what date. If a notice arrives, that is what you will need. 3.16 If you realize you made a mistake -------------------------------------- Fix it before anyone has to ask. Edit or delete the post. For a paper, ask for a correction or withdraw it. Putting something right yourself, before a notice reaches us, is not by itself a strike. 4. Quoting, and fair use ======================== 4.1 What fair use is -------------------- US law lets people use limited parts of a copyrighted work without permission for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship and research. Whether a particular use is fair depends on four things weighed together: 1. The purpose and character of your use, including whether you add something of your own (analysis, criticism, a new point) and whether the use is commercial. 2. The nature of the work you are using: factual or creative, published or not. 3. How much you take, and how important that part is to the work. 4. The effect on the market for the original, including whether your use could stand in for it. No single one decides it. There is no number of words or percentage that is always safe. Only a court can decide for certain. We cannot decide it for you, and nothing on this page is legal advice. What follows are the habits we ask authors here to keep. In places they are stricter than the law, on purpose. 4.2 House rules for quotations ------------------------------ 1. Quote in order to say something about the quotation. A quotation earns its place when you analyse it, argue with it, or need its exact words as evidence. 2. Take only what your point needs. Usually that is a phrase, or a sentence or two. A whole paragraph needs a reason. Several paragraphs from one source almost always means you should summarize in your own words and cite. 3. Mark it. Quotation marks for short quotations; the Quote control on the writing desk for longer ones. A reader should never have to guess which words are yours. 4. Cite it. Every quotation carries a citation to an entry in your source list. 5. Do not take the heart of a work. A short extract can still be too much if it is the part everyone comes for: the key finding stated in the author's best paragraph, the twist, the punchline. 6. Do not let quotations carry the paper. Tillyard Research's rubric looks for your own analysis. A paper that is largely other people's words is unlikely to be accepted, whatever the law would say about it. 7. Reproduce exactly. Mark what you leave out with an ellipsis and what you add with square brackets. Do not change the meaning. 8. Remember that amounts add up. Ten short quotations from one article are one large quotation. 4.3 Works that need extra care ------------------------------ - Poems and song lyrics. Even a few lines can be a large share of a short work, and lyrics are actively licensed. Quote a line or two if your argument is about those words. Otherwise describe them. Do not reproduce a whole poem or lyric that is still in copyright. - Very short works. A post, a caption, a haiku, a headline-and-summary: quoting all of it is taking all of it. Describe it and give its address where you can. - Unpublished work. Letters, emails, private messages, interview recordings, drafts and manuscripts. The law gives authors more room to control the first appearance of their work, and there is usually a privacy question as well. Get the writer's agreement before quoting at length. - Creative work. Fiction, scripts and other creative writing get stronger protection than factual reporting. Quote less. - Another paper's abstract. Do not paste it. Summarize the paper in your own words. 4.4 Figures, and what to do when you may not use one ---------------------------------------------------- A paper in Tillyard Research may carry figures: pictures, charts and diagrams that the author adds. Add a figure only if you made it, or you have permission that covers posting it here, or its licence allows it, and put the credit the licence asks for in the caption. A chart you drew from numbers in a source is yours. A chart lifted from a source is not. The editor may decline a paper whose figures raise a copyright question. Do not try to bring in a picture as text characters or as encoded data. If you may not use a figure: - For a figure or diagram, describe it in words and cite it. - For a chart, give the numbers in a table that you built yourself from the underlying data, and cite the data. - For a photograph or an artwork, describe it and give a citation that lets a reader find it. 4.5 Quoting outside papers -------------------------- The same law applies in table chat, notes, threads, the house question and profile text. A line quoted across a table is ordinary. Pasting pages of a textbook, a whole article or a solution set is not. 4.6 Quoting in a reading ------------------------ When you read a paper for Tillyard Research, you are asked to open two of its sources and type what you found, which can include quoting the line you found. A short quotation for that purpose is expected. 4.7 The editor's part --------------------- The editor may ask an author to shorten or remove a quotation, and may decline a paper that leans too heavily on quoted text. That is an editorial decision about what Tillyard Research carries. It is not a legal finding that something does or does not infringe, and a paper being accepted is not a statement by us that every quotation in it is lawful. 4.8 Fair use when a notice arrives ---------------------------------- People who send copyright notices are expected to consider, before they send one, whether the use is one the law allows (5.2). If a complete notice arrives we still act on it. The member's way to say "this is a fair use" is the counter-notice in section 7. 5. How to send a copyright notice ================================= 5.1 Who can send one -------------------- The copyright owner, or a person the owner has authorized to act for them. If you are neither, you cannot send a notice under this section, but you can still tell us (5.2, last paragraph). 5.2 Before you send ------------------- - Check that it is a copyright matter. The table in section 1.4 lists the other routes. - Look at the use. A federal appeals court has held that a copyright owner must consider whether the use is authorized by the law, including fair use, before sending a notice. A short, attributed quotation in a paper that discusses your work is the kind of use the law often allows. - Know what happens to your notice. We give a copy to the member (5.11). - Know the risk. A knowingly false notice can make you liable for the harm it causes (section 9). If you want to point something out without starting the legal process, or you are not the owner, use the report link on the item or write to support@tillyard.org. We may look into it under the Community Guidelines. An informal message is not a notice, and the steps in section 6 do not apply to it. 5.3 Checklist: the six things a notice must contain --------------------------------------------------- A notice must be in writing, must be sent to the designated agent, and must substantially contain these six things. "Substantially" is the law's own word: a notice that gives us the work, the material and a way to reach you, and that is close on the rest, is one we act on or help you complete (5.9). We do not turn a notice away for a small gap. 1. A signature. A physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner, or of a person authorized to act on the owner's behalf. Typing your full legal name at the end of an email, or in the signature box of the form, counts as an electronic signature. 2. The work. Identification of the copyrighted work you say has been infringed. If one notice covers several works, a representative list of them. 3. The material. Identification of the material you say is infringing and want removed or disabled, with information reasonably sufficient for us to find it. Give the full web address of each page. Because material here is text, also tell us which passage you mean: quote its opening and closing words, or name the section it is in. 4. How to reach you. Information reasonably sufficient for us to contact you, such as an address, a telephone number or an email address. One working way to reach you is enough; more than one helps. 5. A good-faith statement. A statement that you have a good-faith belief that the use of the material in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law. 6. An accuracy and authority statement. A statement that the information in the notice is accurate and, under penalty of perjury, that you are authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed. If you are the owner, say so. These six are the elements of a notification under section 512(c)(3) of the US Copyright Act (17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(3)). Because the law asks for a signature and contact details, a notice cannot be anonymous. 5.4 Where to send it: our designated agent ------------------------------------------ Where to send it: our designated agent. Columns: field, designated agent for copyright notices. Field | Designated agent for copyright notices ---------------------------------------------- Agent | Chase Marcum Service provider | Tillyard Postal address | 10602 York Rd SW, Etna, Ohio 43062 Telephone | (614) 600-9020 Email | copyright@tillyard.org Put "Copyright notice" or "Copyright counter-notice" in the subject line, or at the top of the letter. The agent receives copyright notices and counter-notices. Messages about anything else sent to the agent may not get a reply; use the contacts in section 14. 5.5 Ways to send it ------------------- You can send a notice by email to copyright@tillyard.org, or by post to Tillyard, 10602 York Rd SW, Etna, Ohio 43062, in English. Where the site offers a copyright notice form, it asks for the same six things and needs no account. The form takes text only: it cannot take attachments, and it runs a quick check that you are a person. If you need to send documents, email or post them to the agent. The agent's details are also on a simple page at tillyard.org/assets/policies/index.html, which is served separately from the software that runs the rest of the site. Whichever way you choose, this is what we ask for. Ways to send it. Columns: field, what to enter, needed? Field | What to enter | Needed? ------------------------------- Your full legal name | The name you will sign with | Yes Organization and your role | If you act for a company, a publisher or another person | If it applies Whose copyright it is | The owner's name, if the owner is not you, and the basis on which you act for them | Yes Postal address | Where a letter would reach you | At least one way to reach you Telephone number | A number where you can be reached | At least one way to reach you Email address | If you have one | At least one way to reach you The work | Its title, its author, where it was published or can be seen (an address, a DOI, an ISBN, a publication and date), and the part you say was copied. A copyright registration number if there is one | Yes. A registration number is optional The material on Tillyard | The full web address of each page, and the passage: its opening and closing words, or the section heading. For material without a public address, see 5.8 | Yes What you are asking for | That the material be removed or access to it disabled | Yes Good-faith statement | Statement 5 from the checklist, in those words or words to the same effect | Yes Accuracy and authority statement | Statement 6 from the checklist, in those words or words to the same effect | Yes Whether you considered uses the law allows | A line confirming that you considered whether the use is authorized by law, including fair use | Asked, but not one of the six. Leaving it out does not make a notice incomplete Signature and date | Your typed full legal name, or a handwritten signature on a letter | Yes We aim to acknowledge a notice with a reference number, so that you can refer to it later. 5.6 A notice you can adapt -------------------------- To the designated agent 1. I am [the copyright owner] / [authorized to act for the copyright owner, NAME OF OWNER]. 2. The work: [title; author; where it was published or can be seen; date]. 3. The material on your site: [full address of each page]. The passage: from "[opening words]" to "[closing words]". 4. My contact details: [name; postal address; telephone; email]. 5. I have a good-faith belief that the use of the material described above, in the manner complained of, is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law. 6. The information in this notice is accurate. Under penalty of perjury, I am the owner, or am authorized to act on behalf of the owner, of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed. Signed: [typed full legal name, or handwritten signature] Date: [date] 5.7 Several works, or several pages ----------------------------------- One notice can cover several works: list them, or give a representative list. For the material on our site we need to be able to find each item, so give an address and a passage for each one. 5.8 Material you cannot link to ------------------------------- Some material is not on a public page: table chat, notes, threads, booths, and manuscripts that are still being read. If you know that your work was copied there, tell us as much as you can: the area, the date and rough time, the name shown on the post, and the words. We may not be able to find material from a general description. We do not give people outside a conversation access to it so that they can look for infringement. 5.9 If a notice is incomplete ----------------------------- If a notice is missing something but does identify the work, the material and how to reach you, we promptly try to contact you, or take other reasonable steps, to help you complete it. If it is missing any of those three, or it stays incomplete, we may not act on it, and it does not start the process in section 6. 5.10 What you do not need ------------------------- You do not need to have registered your copyright, to have a lawyer, to pay us anything, to be in the United States, or to have contacted the member first. 5.11 What happens to your details --------------------------------- We keep your notice. We give the member whose material is affected a copy of it, which includes your name, the name of the copyright owner, the work, the material and your statements. We may leave out your street address, telephone number and email address. If the member sends a counter-notice, the law has us send you a copy of it. We may also share a notice with our legal advisers, with a court or an authority that requires it, and, with personal contact details taken out, in a transparency report or with a public research archive of takedown notices. 5.12 Withdrawing a notice ------------------------- Write to the agent from the address you used, identify the notice (the reference number helps) and say that you withdraw it. We may then put the material back, and we clear the strike (8.8). 6. What happens after a notice ============================== 6.1 A person reads it --------------------- Notices come to the designated agent and are read by a person. Decisions about legal removals are made by a person, not by software. Today that person is the president, who is also the editor. 6.2 When the notice is complete ------------------------------- When a notice has the six things in 5.3, we aim to act expeditiously, which is the standard the law sets, to remove the material it identifies or to disable access to it. We do not decide at this stage who is right. Removing material after a complete notice is not a finding that the member infringed, and we do not say that it is. We are not a court: we do not decide who owns a work, award money, or settle the disagreement between the two of you. 6.3 What removal looks like --------------------------- Removing does not always mean deleting. We keep what we need to run the counter-notice process, to keep our records and to meet legal duties, as the Privacy Notice describes. What removal looks like. Columns: kind of material, what a visitor sees once it is removed. Kind of material | What a visitor sees once it is removed --------------------------------------------------------- A published paper in Tillyard Research | The paper's page stops showing the paper and reads as not available. It leaves the library's lists, search, feed and sitemap. If the removal becomes permanent, the page may carry the title, volume and number and a short dated notice in neutral words The Record item for that paper | "No longer listed" while the paper is down A portfolio piece, a project entry, a service entry | The item is hidden, and a Record item that depends on it reads "no longer listed" A message in table chat, an answer to the house question, a status line | The message is withdrawn from the room or the page A note or a message in a thread | The message is hidden from the conversation Profile text, a self-reported Record item | The text is hidden We do not publish the reason for a removal, the name of the person who complained, or anything that accuses the member. 6.4 Telling the member ---------------------- We take reasonable steps to tell the member promptly that the material has been removed or disabled. The message says what was removed, includes a copy of the notice as described in 5.11, explains the counter-notice in section 7, and says whether a strike was recorded. It is worded neutrally. We tell the member on the site, and may also send an email that points to the full message. 6.5 The strike -------------- Removal after a complete notice ordinarily records a strike against the member's account. Section 8 explains how strikes are counted, held and cleared. 6.6 When only part of an item is affected ----------------------------------------- The site hides whole items, not single sentences. If a notice concerns one passage in a paper or a post, the whole item comes down while the process runs. The member may then remove or rewrite the passage: for a post, by editing it or posting again without the passage; for a published paper, by asking the editor for a correction. A corrected paper returns with a dated correction notice in neutral words. Fixing the passage after a notice does not, by itself, clear the strike (8.9). 6.7 Co-authored papers and team projects ---------------------------------------- A notice about a co-authored paper affects every author. We tell each of them, and any of them may send a counter-notice. Section 8.3 says how strikes are counted in that case. 6.8 The Record and titles ------------------------- A Record item that depends on removed material, such as the Published Author item for a paper, reads "no longer listed" while the material is down. If the removal stands, we may withdraw the item and the title that goes with it. We tell the member, who should then take it off their résumé and LinkedIn profile. 6.9 When we may not act on a message ------------------------------------ We may decline to act where: - the message is so incomplete that it does not substantially contain the six things in 5.3, and stays that way after we have asked (5.9). We do not decline a notice only because it lacks a postal address or a telephone number where it gives another way to reach the sender; - it is not about copyright (1.4); - the material is not on our site, for example where a paper only cites or names a source; - the material has already gone; - it complains only about facts, ideas, titles or other things copyright does not protect; - it repeats a notice we have already dealt with; or - we reasonably believe it is fraudulent, was sent to harass someone, or was sent by a person with no authority to send it. Declining to act is our decision under this policy. It is not a finding about your rights, and you remain free to send a complete notice or to go to court. 6.10 Copies elsewhere --------------------- We can remove material from our site. We do not control a search engine's stored copy, a web archive, a copy someone saved or printed, or another website. You can ask those services directly. 6.11 Our records ---------------- We keep notices, counter-notices and a log of what we did and when. The Privacy Notice says for how long. 6.12 Papers the editor approved ------------------------------- A paper in Tillyard Research differs from chat or a note in one way: it is published only after the editor has approved it. We run the same notice and counter-notice process for an approved paper as for anything else a member posts. Whatever legal protections may or may not apply to us for a particular item, the steps on this page are the ones we follow. Separately, the editor may look at the same complaint as an editorial question under the Editorial Policy of Tillyard Research, for example as possible plagiarism. That is in addition to the steps here and does not hold them up. 6.13 Acting without a notice ---------------------------- We do not need a notice to act. If we come to know that material here infringes, or it becomes apparent to us, we aim to act expeditiously to remove it, and we may record a strike. We may also remove material at any time for other reasons under the Terms of Use and the Community Guidelines. 7. If your material was removed: the counter-notice =================================================== 7.1 Your choices ---------------- When we tell you that something of yours was removed after a notice, you can: - Fix it. Remove or rewrite the passage (6.6). - Sort it out with the person who complained. If they give you permission, or accept that they were mistaken, they can withdraw the notice (5.12). If you write to them, keep it civil and keep it about the permission. Pressuring or harassing someone over a notice is a breach of the Community Guidelines. - Send a counter-notice, if you believe the removal was a mistake (the rest of this section). - Ask us to look again at the strike (8.11), if you think we counted it wrongly. That is separate from a counter-notice and does not put the material back. - Leave it. The material stays down and the strike runs its course. 7.2 Before you send a counter-notice ------------------------------------ A counter-notice is a legal step. Know what it involves. - You make a statement under penalty of perjury. - You agree that a federal court can hear a case about the material, and that you will accept court papers from the person who complained. - Your name, address and telephone number go to that person, in full. The law requires it. - If they tell us they have filed a court action before we put the material back, it stays down and you are a party to a lawsuit. - A knowingly false counter-notice can make you liable for damages and costs (section 9), and can end your account. A counter-notice fits where the notice was a mistake: the work is your own, you have permission, the work is in the public domain, or the notice identified the wrong material. People also rely on it where they believe the use is one the law allows, such as a fair use; whether that is right in your case is a legal question we cannot answer for you. It does not fit "I cited it", "I did not know", or "other people do it". If you are unsure, get advice first. Many colleges offer student legal services at no charge. We cannot advise you, and we cannot tell you whether a counter-notice would succeed. 7.3 Checklist: the four things a counter-notice must contain ------------------------------------------------------------ A counter-notice must be in writing, must be sent to the designated agent, and must contain all four of these. 1. Your signature. A physical or electronic signature. Typing your full legal name counts. 2. The material and where it was. Identification of the material that was removed or disabled, and the location where it appeared before that happened. The reference number in our message to you helps. 3. A statement under penalty of perjury that you have a good-faith belief that the material was removed or disabled as a result of mistake or misidentification of the material to be removed or disabled. 4. Your name, address and telephone number, and your consent to jurisdiction. A statement that you consent to the jurisdiction of the Federal District Court for the judicial district in which your address is located (or, if your address is outside the United States, for any judicial district in which we may be found), and that you will accept service of process from the person who sent the notice or from that person's agent. 7.4 Where to send it -------------------- To the designated agent in section 5.4, by email or post, or through the counter-notice link in our message to you where there is one. 7.5 A counter-notice you can adapt ---------------------------------- To the designated agent 1. The material that was removed: [title or description], which appeared at [address] before it was removed on [date]. Reference: [number]. 2. Under penalty of perjury, I have a good-faith belief that the material was removed or disabled as a result of mistake or misidentification of the material to be removed or disabled. 3. My name, address and telephone number: [name; address; telephone]. 4. I consent to the jurisdiction of the Federal District Court for the judicial district in which my address is located (or, if my address is outside the United States, for any judicial district in which the service provider may be found), and I will accept service of process from the person who provided the notice or from an agent of that person. Signed: [typed full legal name, or handwritten signature] Date: [date] 7.6 What happens next --------------------- When a complete counter-notice reaches the agent, we promptly send a copy of it to the person who sent the notice, and tell them that we will put the material back, or stop blocking it, in 10 business days. Then the law sets the timetable, and we follow it. We put the material back no sooner than 10 business days and no later than 14 business days after the agent received your counter-notice, unless before we do so the agent hears from the person who sent the notice that they have filed an action seeking a court order to restrain you from infringing activity relating to that material. 7.7 How we count the days ------------------------- We count business days from the day the counter-notice actually reaches the agent, whatever the hour and whatever the day of the week: the first business day after that day is day one. Business days are Monday to Friday, leaving out US federal holidays, in US Eastern time. We put the material back on the tenth to twelfth business day, so that a miscount of a day or a holiday still leaves us inside the 10 to 14 business days the law sets. We do not treat a counter-notice that arrives in the evening or at a weekend as received later than it was. 7.8 If the person who complained goes to court ---------------------------------------------- The material stays down. What we need from them, before we put it back, is written word to the agent that the action has been filed: the court, the case number and a copy of the filed complaint. A claim before the US Copyright Claims Board about the same material can count in the same way, if the agent is given notice of that proceeding and its docket number before we put the material back. After that we follow the decision of the court or the Board, or a written settlement that both sides confirm to us. 7.9 What "put back" means ------------------------- We return the material to where it was and how it was, as far as that is still possible. A paper returns to the library with its original date. Its Record item becomes active again. The strike is cleared (8.8). Some things cannot be put back: material whose normal life on the site ended in the meantime (table chat and some other material is kept only for a limited time), material you have since deleted or withdrawn, and material on an account that has since closed. 7.10 When we keep something down for a reason of our own -------------------------------------------------------- The put-back rule applies to material we removed because of the notice. It does not stop us declining to carry material for a separate reason under the Terms of Use, the Community Guidelines or the Editorial Policy of Tillyard Research: for example, where the editor has concluded that a paper does not meet its originality declaration. If that happens we tell you that the reason is ours and not the notice, and the appeal described in those documents applies. 7.11 If a counter-notice is incomplete -------------------------------------- We tell you what is missing. The timetable in 7.6 starts only when a complete counter-notice reaches the agent. 7.12 Co-authors --------------- Co-authors may send one counter-notice together, or separately. One complete counter-notice from any author is enough to start the timetable for the paper. Each person who signs gives their own statement and their own details. 8. Repeat infringers ==================== 8.1 Our repeat-infringer policy ------------------------------- We have adopted, and we apply, a policy that provides for ending, in appropriate circumstances, the accounts of members who are repeat infringers. This section is that policy. Every member is told about it when they join, through the Terms of Use, and it is published here. 8.2 What a strike is -------------------- A strike is a mark on your account. We record one when: 1. we remove or disable access to material you posted, because of a complete notice (section 6); or 2. we remove material you posted because we know, or it is apparent to us, that it infringes (6.13). A strike is not a court's finding. It records that a removal happened. We may also record a strike where a manuscript or submission that was never published clearly reproduced someone else's work wholesale. An ordinary decline of a paper is not a strike. 8.3 How strikes are counted --------------------------- - One notice, one strike. A notice that leads to removal counts as one strike, however many items of yours it lists. - Older material after a first strike. If more notices arrive about material you posted before we told you about an earlier strike, and they reach us in the 14 days after we told you, we count them together with the earlier strike. After those 14 days, each notice counts on its own. The point is to give you a fair chance to go back and fix older posts. - Co-authored papers. A strike is recorded for each author who approved the text. If you show us that you did not write the part in question and had no reason to know of the problem, we may lift your strike and leave the others'. - Team projects. The strike goes to the member who posted the material. - Putting removed material back up. Posting again something that was removed after a notice, while the removal stands, is a new strike and may be treated as flagrant (8.7). 8.4 Strikes on hold ------------------- A strike does not count toward the total in 8.6 while: - a complete counter-notice about it is with the agent and the timetable in 7.6 is running; or - a court or the Copyright Claims Board is deciding a case about that material. It is on hold, not cleared. When the matter ends it is either cleared (8.8) or counted from the date it was first recorded. 8.5 How long a strike is active ------------------------------- A strike is active for 12 months from the date of the removal. If you receive another strike while one is active, the active strikes all stay active until 12 months after the newest one. After that a strike no longer counts toward the total. It stays in our records for as long as the Privacy Notice says, and we may take older strikes into account when we decide whether conduct is flagrant (8.7). 8.6 What happens at each strike ------------------------------- What happens at each strike. Columns: active strikes, what happens. Active strikes | What happens ----------------------------- One | The material is removed. We tell you what happened, how to answer and how strikes work. Nothing else changes Two | As above. We may also limit what you can post or submit for a time, or suspend the account for a time, using the same tools as the Reporting, Enforcement and Appeals Policy Three | We end the account as that of a repeat infringer, in appropriate circumstances "In appropriate circumstances" means that before ending an account we check that each strike is sound: the notice was complete, the strike is not on hold, and nothing we have been shown suggests the notice was mistaken or made in bad faith. If a strike is unsound we clear it and count again. These are not reasons to keep an account open: not knowing the rules, having cited the source, having removed the material once asked, or being close to graduating. 8.7 Ending an account sooner ---------------------------- We may end an account on a first or second strike where the conduct is flagrant. Examples: - posting all or most of someone else's work as your own; - copying a manuscript, a portfolio piece or a résumé you were given to read (3.12); - sending a counter-notice you know to be false; - posting again material that was removed after a notice; - using another account to get around a strike or a restriction. 8.8 How a strike is cleared --------------------------- A strike is cleared, and no longer counts for any purpose, when: 1. the person who sent the notice withdraws it in writing (5.12); 2. you send a complete counter-notice and the material is put back under 7.6; 3. a court or the Copyright Claims Board decides the material did not infringe, or the case ends in your favour, and you show us the decision; 4. the copyright owner confirms to us in writing that the use is now licensed and that they no longer object; 5. we conclude that the notice was incomplete, mistaken or made in bad faith, or that a removal we made without a notice was wrong; or 6. you succeed on a request to look again (8.11). Separately, a strike stops being active with time (8.5). 8.9 What does not clear a strike -------------------------------- Deleting or editing the material after the notice. Closing the account and joining again. An apology. Leaving a tip. Time alone, before the 12 months have run. 8.10 After an account is ended ------------------------------ The member can no longer sign in. Their public pages and Record pages read as no longer listed, and their published papers may be withdrawn from the library. A person whose account was ended under this section may not open another. We may keep the minimum information needed to recognize an attempt to return, as the Privacy Notice describes. We enforce this by recognising the email address that was used. We cannot prevent a person from returning under a different address, and we act when we learn of it. Ending an account under this section does not affect anything a copyright owner may be entitled to, or any other step we may take under the Terms of Use. 8.11 Asking us to look again ---------------------------- You may ask once, for each decision, that we look again at a strike, a restriction or the ending of an account under this section. Use the appeal route in the Reporting, Enforcement and Appeals Policy, or write to the agent. Tell us what we got wrong: for example, that the notice was not about your material, that two notices should have counted as one under 8.3, or that a strike had been cleared. This is not a counter-notice. It does not put material back and it does not start the timetable in 7.6. Only a counter-notice does that. 8.12 Strikes are private ------------------------ We do not publish who has strikes, and a strike is not shown on a profile, a Record page or a paper. A page that has been removed says only that it is not available or no longer listed. 9. False notices and false counter-notices ========================================== US law says that anyone who knowingly and materially misrepresents that material is infringing, or that material was removed by mistake or misidentification, is liable for the damages that result, including costs and attorneys' fees. That liability can run to the member, to the copyright owner and to us. Apart from the law: - We may disregard further notices from someone who has sent knowingly false ones, unless they show us proof of their rights. - A member who sends a false notice about another member's work, or a false counter-notice, may be suspended or removed under the Community Guidelines and the Reporting, Enforcement and Appeals Policy, and see 8.7. Do not use this process to settle a score, to hide criticism, to win an argument about credit, or to take down work that competes with yours. 10. Requests to identify a member, and court orders =================================================== We do not tell a person who complains who a member is beyond what a public page already shows, and we do not give out contact details, unless: 1. the member sends a counter-notice, which contains those details and which the law has us send on; or 2. we receive valid legal process, such as a subpoena issued by a court under the copyright law, or a court order. How we handle legal process, and when we tell the member about it, is in the Law Enforcement and Legal Requests Policy and the Privacy Notice. We do not give a person the contents of members' private notes or threads because they sent a copyright notice. The Messaging and Monitoring Notice says when staff may read a conversation. 11. What belongs to us ====================== The site itself is ours or is used under licence: its design, its software, the text we wrote (the guides in The Almanac, the writing guide, the rubric, practice specimens, templates, policy pages, the layout of the Morning Edition) and our name and marks. You may use the tools and templates for what they are for: your own résumé, your own applications, your own outreach. You may print or save your own Record of activity. You may quote from our pages as the law allows. Anything more needs our written permission. The Terms of Use govern this, and the Trademark and Brand Use Policy covers our name and marks. If you believe something we wrote copies your work, send a notice to the agent in the same way. We look at complaints about our own material directly. The counter-notice process does not apply to it, because no member posted it. 12. Particular cases ==================== 12.1 One member's work copied by another ---------------------------------------- If another member has copied your work here, you are a copyright owner like any other and can send a notice. You can also use the report link on the item. If a reader copied a manuscript you submitted, tell us at once; see 3.12 and 8.7. 12.2 Disagreements between co-authors ------------------------------------- Co-authors of a work written together each have rights in the whole. One co-author generally cannot use a copyright notice to settle an argument about credit, or about whether the paper should stay up. Use the dispute form. For a project, a disputed contribution line is marked as disputed while the people involved sort it out. An author who no longer wants to be part of a paper can withdraw under the Author Agreement and Licence. 12.3 A college, a lab, an employer or a client says the work is theirs ---------------------------------------------------------------------- They can send a notice like anyone else, and we treat it the same way. The member can answer with a counter-notice. We do not decide who owns work under a college policy, a lab agreement or a contract. 12.4 You are quoted or written about in a paper ----------------------------------------------- Words you wrote in a letter, an email or a post are usually your copyright, and you can send a notice if a paper reproduces them at length. If your concern is that a paper names you or reveals something private, the dispute form is the better route and does not depend on your owning a copyright. 12.5 Evidence that lives somewhere else --------------------------------------- Some Record items point to work hosted elsewhere, such as a code repository or a published document. We do not host that work. Send your notice to the service that does. If you tell us in a notice that a reference here leads to infringing material, we may remove the reference. 12.6 Material that is already gone ---------------------------------- Some material is kept only for a limited time, and members can delete much of what they post. If the material you identify has already gone when your notice arrives, we tell you so. A strike may still be recorded where we can confirm what was posted. 12.7 If you are outside the United States ----------------------------------------- The site is offered to students at US colleges, and this policy follows US law. You can send a notice from anywhere, and we handle it the same way. 12.8 Technical measures ----------------------- We accommodate, and do not interfere with, standard technical measures that copyright owners use to identify or protect their works, as US law defines them. 12.9 No general monitoring, and no promise of clearance ------------------------------------------------------- We do not check everything members post for copyright, and we do not run plagiarism or AI-detection services over it. Before a paper is read, Tillyard runs a few checks of its own: it screens the text, looks up DOIs, and looks for sections identical to papers already in the library. The editor may search a few sentences by hand. Readers open two of the sources. These are editorial checks. They are not a rights clearance, they miss things, and publication is not a statement by us that a paper is free of other people's rights. The author is responsible for that. 12.10 Tips ---------- Leaving a tip, or not leaving one, changes nothing about how a notice, a counter-notice or a strike is handled. 13. Changes to this document ============================ We may change this policy. When we do, we post the new version here with a new version number and effective date. We keep earlier versions and can provide them on request. For a change that matters to members we aim to give notice on the site, by email, or both, before it takes effect. A notice or counter-notice is handled under the version in force on the day it reached the agent. Strikes already recorded keep their dates; a change to how long strikes stay active applies to strikes recorded after the change, unless the change is in the member's favour. 14. Contact =========== - Copyright notices and counter-notices: the designated agent in section 5.4. - Questions about this policy that are not a notice: support@tillyard.org. - Legal correspondence: legal@tillyard.org, or by post to Tillyard, 10602 York Rd SW, Etna, Ohio 43062. - If you cannot use a form or need this policy in another format: accessibility@tillyard.org. We read what we receive, and we cannot promise a reply to every message.